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San Marino |
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| Introduction | San Marino |
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Background:
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The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor. |
| Geography | San Marino |
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Location:
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Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy |
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Geographic coordinates:
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43 46 N, 12 25 E |
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Map references:
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Europe |
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Area:
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total: 61.2 sq km
water: 0 sq km land: 61.2 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 39 km
border countries: Italy 39 km |
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
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Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
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Climate:
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Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers |
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Terrain:
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rugged mountains |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m
highest point: Monte Titano 755 m |
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Natural resources:
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building stone |
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Land use:
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arable land: 16.67%
permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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NA sq km |
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Natural hazards:
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NA |
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Environment - current issues:
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NA |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution |
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Geography - note:
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landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines |
| People | San Marino |
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Population:
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28,119 (July 2003 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 16.3% (male 2,364; female 2,220)
15-64 years: 67.1% (male 9,149; female 9,731) 65 years and over: 16.6% (male 2,009; female 2,646) (2003 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 39.6 years
male: 39.2 years female: 40 years (2002) |
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Population growth rate:
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1.38% (2003 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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10.49 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Death rate:
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7.86 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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11.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 5.97 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) male: 6.41 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 81.43 years
male: 77.9 years female: 85.26 years (2003 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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1.31 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA% |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sammarinese |
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Ethnic groups:
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Sammarinese, Italian |
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic |
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Languages:
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Italian |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.) |
| Government | San Marino |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of San Marino
conventional short form: San Marino local short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino |
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Government type:
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independent republic |
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Capital:
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San Marino |
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Administrative divisions:
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9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle |
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Independence:
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3 September 301 |
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National holiday:
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Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301) |
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Constitution:
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8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution |
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Legal system:
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based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Giovanni LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Valeria CIAVATTA (for the period 1 October 2003-31 March 2004)
elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2003 (next to be held NA March 2004); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 17 December 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007) note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister election results: Giovanni LONFERNINI and Valeria CIAVATTA elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - 40% cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 17 December 2002) |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1 |
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Judicial branch:
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Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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CE, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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San Marino does not have an embassy in the US
honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit and Honolulu |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino |
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Flag description:
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two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty) |
| Economy | San Marino |
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Economy - overview:
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The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $940 million (2001 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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7.5% (2001 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $34,600 (2001 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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3.3% (2001) |
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Labor force:
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18,500 (1999) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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services 57%, industry 42%, agriculture 1% (2000 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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2.6% (2001) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $400 million
expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
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Industries:
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tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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6% (1997 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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NA |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 41.18%
other: 0% nuclear: 0% hydro: 58.82% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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NA (2000) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh
note: electric power supplied by Italy |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh
note: electricity supplied by Italy |
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Agriculture - products:
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wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides |
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Exports:
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trade data are included with the statistics for Italy |
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Exports - commodities:
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building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics |
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Imports:
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trade data are included with the statistics for Italy |
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Imports - commodities:
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wide variety of consumer manufactures, food |
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Debt - external:
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$NA |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$NA |
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Currency:
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euro (EUR) |
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Currency code:
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EUR |
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Exchange rates:
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euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000), 0.94 (1999) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |
| Communications | San Marino |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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18,000 (1998) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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3,010 (1998) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: adequate connections
domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: connected to Italian international network |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) |
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Radios:
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16,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997) |
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Televisions:
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9,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.sm |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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2 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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NA |
| Transportation | San Marino |
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Railways:
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0 km; note - there is a 1.5-km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore |
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Highways:
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total: 220 km
paved: 220 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
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Waterways:
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none |
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Ports and harbors:
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none |
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Airports:
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none (2002) |
| Military | San Marino |
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Military branches:
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Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar), Gendarmerie; note - the Voluntary Military Force performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$700,000 (FY00/01) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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NA% |
| Transnational Issues | San Marino |
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Disputes - international:
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none |